Tcl/Tk: Tables
Table of Contents
Tous ces tableaux sont repris du draft du livre de Brent Welch qui doit sortir en mai 95.
Backslash Sequences
\a Bell.(0x7)
\b Backspace.(0x8)
\f Form feed.(0xc)
\n Newline.(0xa)
\r Carriage return.(0xd)
\t Tab (0x9)
\v Vertical tab.(0xb)
\<newline> Replace newline and all leading whitespace on the following line
with a single space.
\\ Backslash.('\')
\ooo Octal specification of character code. 1,2, or 3 digits.
\xhh Hexadecimal specification of character code. 1, or 2 digits.
\c Replaced with literal c if c is not one of the cases listed above. In
particular, \$,\",\{ and\[ are used to obtain these characters.
Arithmetic Operators from highest to lowest precedence
- ~ ! Unary minus, bitwise NOT, logical NOT.
* / % Multiply, divide, remainder.
+ - Add, substract.
« » Left shift, right shift.
< > <= >= Comparison: less, greater, less or equal, greater or equal.
== != Equal, not equal.
& Bitwise AND.
^ Bitwise NOT.
| Bitwise OR.
&& Logical AND.
|| Logical OR.
x?y:z If x then y else z.
Built-in Math functions
acos(x) Arc-cosine of x.
asin(x) Arc-sine of x.
atan(x) Arc-tangent of x.
atan2(y,x) Rectangular (x,y) to polar(r,th).atan2 gives th
ceil(x) Least integral value greater than or equal to x.
cos(x) Cosine of x.
cosh(x) hyperbolic cosine of x.
exp(x) Exponential, exp(x)
floor(x) Greatest integral value less than or equal to x.
fmod(x,y) Floating point remainder of x/y.
hypot(x,y) Returns sqrt (x*x + y*y). r part of polar coordinates.
log(x) Natural log of x.
log10(x) Log base 10 of x.
pow(x,y) x to the y power
sin(x) Sine of x.
sinh(x) Hyperbolic sine of x.
sqrt(x) Square root of x.
tan(x) Tangent of x.
tanh(x) Hyperbolic tangent of x.
abs(x) Absolute value of x.
double(x) Promote x to floating point.
int(x) Truncate x to an integer.
round(x) Round x to an integer.
Variables defined by tclsh
argc The number of command line arguments.
argv A list of the command line arguments.
argv0 The name of the script being executed. If being used interac-
tively, argv0 is the name of the shell program.
env An array of the environment variables. See page 38.
tcl_interactive True (one) if the tclsh is prompting for commands.
tcl_prompt1 If defined, this is a command that outputs the prompt.
tcl_prompt2 If defined, this is a command that outputs the prompt if the
current command is not yet complete.
auto_path The search path for script library directories. See page 90
of Welsh draft.
auto_index A map from command name to a Tcl command that defines it.
auto_noload If set, the library facility is disabled.
auto_noexec If set, the auto execute facility is disabled.
geometry (wish only). The value of the -geometry argument.
The info command
info args procedure A list of procedure's arguments.
info body procedure The commands in the body of procedure.
info cmdcount The number of commands executed so far.
info commands ?pattern? A list of all commands, or those matching
pattern. Includes built-ins and Tcl procedures.
info complete string True if string contains a complete Tcl command.
info default proc arg var True if arg has a default parameter value in pro-
cedure proc. The default value is stored into var.
info exists variable True if variable is defined.
info globals ?pattern? A list of all global variables, or those matching
pattern.
info level The stack level of the current procedure, or 0 for
the global scope.
info level number A list of the command and its arguments at the
specified level of the stack.
info library The pathname of the Tcl library directory.
info locals ?pattern? A list of t all local variables, or those matching
pattern.
info patchlevel The release patchlevel fot Tcl.
info procs ?pattern? A list of all Tcl procedures, or those that match
pattern.
info script The name of the file being processed, or NULL.
info tclversion The version number of Tcl.
info vars ?pattern? A list of all visible variables, or those matching
pattern.
List-related commands
list arg1 arg2... Creates a list out of all its arguments.
lindex list i Returns the i'th element from list.
llength list Returns the number of elements in list.
lrange list i j Returns the i'th through j'th elements
from list.
lappend listVar arg arg ... Append a elements to the value of listVar.
linsert list index arg arg ... Insert elements into list before the element at
position index. Returns a new list.
lreplace list i j arg arg ... Replace elements i through j of list
with the args. Returns a new list.
lsearch mode list value Return the index of the element in list that
matches the value according to the mode, which
is -exact, -glob, or -regexp. -glob is the
default. Return -1 if not found.
lsort switches list Sort elements of the list according to the switches:
-ascii, -integer, -real, -increasing, -decreasing,
-command command. Returns a new list.
concat arg arg arg ... Join multiple lists together into one list.
join list joinString Merge the elements of a list together by separat-
ing them with joinString.
split string splitChars Split a string up into list elements, using (and dis-
carding) the characters in splitChars as bound-
aries between list elements.
The array command
array exists arr Returns 1 if arr is an array variable.
array get arr Returns a list that alternates between an index
and the corresponding array value.
array names arr?pattern? Return the list of all indices defined for arr, or
those that match the string match pattern.
array set arr list Initialize the array arr from list, which should
have the same form as the list returned by get.
array size arr Return the number of indices defined for arr.
array startsearch arr Return a search id key for a search through arr.
array nextelement arrid Return the value of the next element in array in
the search identified by id. Returns an empty
string if no more elements remain in the search.
array anymore arr id Returns 1 if more elements remain in the search.
array donesearch arr id End the search identified by id.
The string command
string compare str1 str2 Compare strings lexicographically.Returns 0 if
equal, -1 if str1 sorts beforestr2, else 1.
string first str1 str2 Return the index in str2 of the first occurrence of
str1, or -1 if str1 is not found.
string index string index Return the character at the specified index.
string last str1 str2 Return the index in str2 of the last occurrence of
str1, or -1 if str1 is not found.
string length string Return the number of characters in string.
string match pattern str Return 1 if str matches the pattern, else 0.
Glob-style matching is used. See page 24.
string range str i j Return the range of characters in str from i to j.
string tolower string Return string in lower case.
string toupper string Return string in upper case.
string trim string ?chars? Trim the characters in chars from both ends of
string.chars defaults to whitespace.
string trimleft string ?chars? Trim the characters in chars from the beginning of
string.charsdefaults to whitespace.
string trimright string ?chars? Trim the characters in chars from the end of
string.chars defaults to whitespace.
string wordend str ix Return the index in str of the character after the
word containing the character at index ix.
string wordstart str ix Return the index in str of the first character in
the word containing the character at index ix.
Regular Expression Syntax
. Matches any character.
* Matches zero or more.
+ Matches one or more.
? Matches zero or one.
() Groups a sub-pattern. The repetition and alternation operators apply to
the whole proceeding sub-pattern.
| Alternation.
[] Delimit a set of characters. Ranges are specified as [x-y]. If the first
character in the set is ^, then there is a match if the remaining characters
in the set are not present.
^ Anchor the pattern to the beginning of the string. Only when first.
$ Anchor the pattern to the end of the string. Only when last.
Summary of the exec syntax for I/O redirection
-keepnewline (First arg only.) Do not discard trailing newline from the result.
| Pipe standard output from one process into another.
|& Pipe both standard output and standard error output.
< fileName Take input from the named file.
<@ fileId Take input from the I/O stream identified by fileId.
<< value Take input from the given value.
> fileName Overwrite fileName with standard output.
2> fileName Overwrite fileName with standard error output.
>& fileName Overwrite fileName with both standard error and standard out.
>> fileName Append standard output to the named file.
2>> fileName Append standard error to the named file.
>>& fileName Append both standard error and standard output to the named file.
>@ fileId Direct standard output to the I/O stream identified by fileId.
2>@ fileId Direct standard error to the I/O stream identified by fileId.
>&@ fileId Direct both standard error and standard output to the I/O stream.
& As the last argument, indicates pipeline should run in background.
The Tcl file command options
file atime name Return access time as a decimal string.
file dirname name Return parent directory of file name.
file executable name Return 1 if name has execute permission, else 0.
file exists name Return 1 if name exists, else 0.
file extension name Return the part of name from the last dot '.' to the end.
file isdirectory name Return 1 if name is a directory, else 0.
file isfile name Return 1 if name is not a directory, symbolic link, or
device, else 0.
file lstat name var Place stat results about the link name into var.
file mtime name Return modify time of name as a decimal string.
file owned name Return 1 if current user owns the file name, else 0.
file readable name Return 1 if name has read permission, else 0.
file readlink name Return the contents of the symbolic link name.
file rootname name Return all but the extension ('.' and onwards) of name.
file size name Return the number of bytes in name.
file stat name var Place stat results about name into array var. The ele-
ments defined for var are: atime, ctime, dev, gid,
ino, mode, mtime, nlink, size, type, and uid.
file tail name Return all characters after last '/' in name.
file type name Return type identifier, which is one of: file,
directory, characterSpecial, blockSpecial, fifo,
link, or socket.
file writable name Return 1 if name has write permission, else 0.
Tcl commands used for file access
open what ?access? ?permissions? Open a file or pipeline.
puts ?-nonewline? ?stream? string Write a string.
gets stream ?varname? Read a line.
read ?-nonewline? stream ?numBytes? Read bytes.
tell stream Return the seek offset.
seek stream offset ?origin? Set the seek offset. origin is one of
start, current, or end.
eof stream Query end-of-file status.
flush stream Write out buffers of a stream.
close stream Close an I/O stream.
Anne Possoz
Tricoté avec patience par Marielle Flutsch